S rad = ( dE dl ) rad MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgaruavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqipG0dh9qqWrVepG0dbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaqFn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpeWZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadofadaWgaaWcbaGaaeOCaiaabggacaqGKbaabeaakiabg2da9maabmaabaWaaSaaaeaacaqGKbGaamyraaqaaiaabsgacaWGSbaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaacaqGYbGaaeyyaiaabsgaaeqaaaaa@4230@
NOTE – The energy losses included are those that produce bremsstrahlung.