Note 1 to entry: For an alternating quantity x(t) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqWrVepG0dbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaiqaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadIhacaGGOaGaam iDaiaacMcaaaa@38A1@ , the rectified value is |x| ¯ = 1 T ∫ t 0 t 0 +T | x(t) | dt MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgaruavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqipG0dh9qqWrVepG0dbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaqFn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpeWZqaaiqaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaanaaabaWaaqWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLhWUaayjcSdaaaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaadsfaaaWaa8qmaeaadaabdaqaaiaadIhacaGGOaGaamiDaiaacMcaaiaawEa7caGLiWoaaSqaaiaayIW7caWG0bWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbaGaaGjcVlaadshadaWgaaadbaGaaGimaaqabaWccqGHRaWkcaWGubaaniabgUIiYdqcLbqaciGGKbGccaWG0baaaa@4FD3@ , where T is the period.